Physoderma is a genus of chytrid fungi. Described by German botanist Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in 1833, the genus contains some species that are parasitic on vascular plants, including P. alfalfae and P. maydis , causative agents of crown wart of alfalfa and brown spot of corn, respectively. [3] Of the chytrid genera, Physoderma is the oldest. [4] However, species were confused with the rust fungi , the genus Synchytrium , and the genus Protomyces of Ascomycota . [5] Members of Physoderma are obligate parasites of pteridophytes and angiosperms . [4] There are approximately 80 species within this genus (depending on whether one includes those traditionally belonging to Urophlyctis ). [5] Taxonomic History [ edit ] The genus was erected in 1833 on the basis of resting spore development [4] [5] and included 6 species. [6] Unfortunately, his original diagnosis was very similar to that of Protomyces , which led others to place species in the wrong
Zoopagomycota is the sister of Mucoromycota+ Dikarya. It comprises three subphyla: Zoopagomycotina, Kickxellomycotina, and Entomophthoromycotina. The primary ecologies of members of the phylum include pathogens and commensals of animals, parasites of other fungi and amoebae, and rarely, as plant associates. The phylogenetic placement of Zoopagomycota as sister to the remainder of non flagellated fungi is important for numerous reasons, but two are highlighted here. First, diversification with animals and nonplant hosts occurred at least as early as diversification with terrestrial plants. This suggests that fungi were among the first terrestrial organisms and that fossils of the first land animals should be examined with greater scrutiny for fungal associations, potentially providing a more complete picture of early terrestrial fungi. Second, the loss of the flagellum in fungi corresponds to other modifications, including the loss of the centriole. Most non flagellated
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